Presentation on the national Japanese costume, conclusions. National clothing in Japan (presentation). Work sequence

LESSON SUMMARY ON VISUAL LANGUAGE IN 7TH GRADE “FOLK HOLIDAY CLOTHING – KIMONO”

TARGET:

Introduce the features of Japanese traditional clothing - kimono, and the meaning of color in clothing.

Show the unity of the image of nature and clothing.

To cultivate a sense of beauty, to develop respect for Japanese culture.

To develop aesthetic and artistic taste, creative activity and thinking of students.

TASKS:

Strengthen skills and abilities when using various types of equipment in work.

Educational:

Develop an aesthetic worldview.

Promote the perception of respect for the traditions of the Japanese people.

Educational:

Develop mental cognitive processes (perception, attention, memory, visual-figurative and logical thinking, speech).

EQUIPMENT.

For the teacher. Multimedia projector. (Presentation)

For students. Graphic material.

Visual range. Slides.

Left side of the board: terms-words: kimono-clothing, yukata-home clothes, furisode- “flying sleeves” worn by unmarried women, tabi – white socks, geta, zori – sandals, geisha-dancer, shichigosyan – holiday (literally translated 7 -5-3), obi – belt, netsuke – figurine, uchikake – bride’s outfit, samurai – warrior.

TASK: Making a sketch of a Japanese traditional costume - kimono.

Japanese “Oriental” music sounds (sakura petals are falling...)

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizing time.

2. Subject message.

The teacher shows traditional Japanese clothes.

Question:Who owns the clothes?

When do you think Japanese national clothing appeared?

Do clothes express certain ideas of beauty?

The children's answers are listened to.

During the conversation, it turns out that clothing is an essential item. Useful functions: to protect the body from bad weather and the scorching sun. Aesthetic: emphasizes the beauty of a person.

Question.What do you think was the ideal of female beauty in Japan?

The children's answers are listened to. A woman in Japan has always been an object of admiration. She looked like a porcelain figurine. A young Japanese woman in a kimono evokes admiration, as she is sophisticated, graceful and mysterious.

I. INTRODUCTION TO NEW MATERIAL. (slide)

So, what is a kimono? A kimono is a robe with wide rectangular sleeves, made of silk fabric and always lined.

There are many types of kimono. These are home clothes, kimonos for special occasions, tea ceremonies, hikes, etc. Today, Japanese traditional costume is used only during holidays and formal events.

Japanese traditional costume - kimono is considered one of the most beautiful in the world. As before, as now, a kimono is sewn from a whole piece of fabric. The process of making a kimono is very long and labor-intensive, because the kimono has a history of 1500 years and is treated as a national treasure. It is made in compliance with many traditions and superstitions (for the Japanese, all things have a soul). A kimono takes 11 meters of fabric, about 50 cm wide. Drawing on a kimono is a separate ritual. Only real masters can perform it. (slide)

The most elegant kimono is called furisode - fluttering sleeves. Furisode sleeves are very wide and reach almost to the floor. It is worn by unmarried girls. (slide)

The kimono is a rather complex ensemble; it consists of no less than 12

various items of clothing. It takes half an hour or more to put on a full kimono outfit. At the same time, the Japanese woman herself will not be able to wear such an outfit; she needs an assistant.

The kimono does not have buttons or other fasteners, so it is supported by a wide and soft belt - obi. Men fix it on the hips, women - on the waist or higher under the chest. (slide)

A woman's obi is wrapped several times around the body and tied at the back with an intricate bow. The belt in a kimono has a special meaning. Men have carried weapons at their belts for centuries. Purses, smoking accessories and boxes of medicine were attached to the belt using various figures (netsuke) and laces. In a woman's costume, the obi belt is generally the main decoration. The belt, 26.8 cm wide and 3.6 meters long, is wrapped repeatedly around the waist and tied with a knot. Precious gifts are attached to the belt, and a fan is hidden behind its upper edge.

The colors of women's kimonos can be any. Here everything depends on taste, mood, time of year and the occasion for which the kimono is worn, and of course, on material wealth. Most of the ornaments for kimono were taken from traditional scenes of the four seasons... Therefore, the beauty of clothing was inextricably linked with the beauty of nature. The design on the kimono could tell a whole story: (slide)

The image of dancing or flying cranes is a message of good luck and long life.

Drawing of a butterfly - a wish for happiness.

Birds flocking to flowers indicate intimacy in relationships.

Cherry blossoms falling in spring are a symbol of the fragility and variability of our lives.

Long-blooming chrysanthemums mean longevity.

Blooming peonies are a symbol of a noble person, noble and famous.

A stylized chrysanthemum flower with spread petals in a circle - a symbol of imperial power in Japan - represents the sun, illuminating the Land of the Rising Sun with its rays.

And only the kimono for the bride remains white. Before the wedding ceremony, the bride is dressed in white clothes with woven images of cranes, symbols of happiness, or garlands of symbolic flowers. On her head she wears an analogue of a white tsuno kakushi veil (covering the horns), which symbolizes the pacification of female jealousy. (slide)

Girls wear their first kimono at the age of 3 for the shichigosan festival (literally translated as “7-5-3”). These Days are celebrated as holidays in Japan: Girls' Day and Boys' Day. Temples in Japan hold special ceremonies asking for good health and good luck in their growth. The girls are dressed like little geishas, ​​red kimonos, the boys are in samurai costumes... (slides)

On January 15, 20-year-old Japanese women and men celebrate another holiday - coming of age day. For this occasion, girls wear kimonos with very colorful patterns and, as a result of the influence of modern times, decorate their outfit with a fur boa. (slides)

Meeting a Japanese woman in a kimono on the streets of Tokyo today is a rare stroke of luck for a foreign tourist with a camera.

II . STATEMENT OF AN ARTISTIC PROBLEM.

Based on the material you saw about the costume, make a sketch of the costume: build the general shape of the costume, and then outline the places of decoration and ornament. Determine the color and character of the costume.

III . INDIVIDUAL WORK OF STUDENTS.

The compositional concept of each student is clarified in a linear drawing, in color elaboration of the main parts of the costume; brush painting of pattern elements; ornamented development of fragments of jewelry.

PRACTICAL WORK.

Today you are fashion designers in the lesson, each of you can create a model of Japanese festive clothing yourself, using the knowledge you have acquired. Using a simple pencil, we outline the outline of the clothing, then draw the drawings. Let's move on to color. We work with gouache using brushes of different thicknesses.

Children work independently, the teacher provides individual assistance.

In Japanese, "kimono" broadly means "clothing", or more precisely national clothing.

The history of the kimono, extremely interesting and diverse, is one of the beautiful pages of Japanese decorative art, which clearly reflects the ethics, aesthetics and features of the everyday culture of the Japanese people

“Kimono” is a collective concept; there are many types of kimonos: men's, women's, boys, girls, newborns, top, bottom, home, business, official, ceremonial, summer, bedroom, resort, etc., each of which has their names, depending on the type of kimono, format of painting, fabric, etc.

The cut of the kimono is extremely simple. A full women's kimono takes from 9 to 12 meters of fabric with a width of 30-33 cm. The kimono is wrapped on the chest on the right side and secured with a special belt - obi. The side of the smell does not change on either women's or men's kimonos. Only the funeral kimono on the deceased is traditionally wrapped on the left side before burial

Modern simplified cut

If in the IX-XI centuries. clothes consisted of at least 12 layers, now they are limited to 2-3 layers, in addition, various devices are constantly being improved to make putting on a kimono easier

A Japanese person, looking at someone dressed in a kimono, may

tell exactly how old this person is,

his condition, profession,

purpose of the visit, time of year, day, city in which he lives and much more

Usually, a kimono is made in a single copy (until the 1930s, kimonos were made according to a specific order for a specific person), but there are also cases of “mass” production of one type of kimono (for example, for geisha dancing, for filming, etc.), but there are also opportunities limited to 10-12 kimonos, and even those differ in details from each other

Tomesode - married woman's kimono

A formal short-sleeved kimono, usually black, with a wide patterned stripe along the hem and five family crests

The tomesode pattern is never above the waist

This type of kimono is worn for family formal occasions.

The colored tomesode is called "iro-tomesode", it is less strict and solemn.

"Homongs"

means "dress for visiting"

This kimono is rich in patterns. Sometimes one large design takes up the entire surface of the kimono.

It's less festive. There is a patterned ribbon running along the hem of this kimono.

This kimono has a pattern on the top - on the back of the right sleeve and right back and on the front of the left sleeve and left chest.

Like all kimonos of married women, the sleeves are short.

The kimono not only regulates the pattern and rhythm of movements, but is also a kind of focus of national psychology.

A Japanese woman in a kimono embodies the standard of discreet grace, soft femininity and modest charm

Uchikake - wedding cape

Today's uchikake (ushikake, uchikake) is a luxurious long cape worn over a kimono, trimmed along the bottom with a roll of scarlet (less often gold) fabric to glide more gracefully across the floor

Before the Edo era, uchikake was worn as casual and formal wear by nobles and women from samurai families.

At the end of the 19th century, the outer kimono worn at the wedding ceremony also began to be called uchikake.

Uchikake is made of brocade or silk, lined with cotton wool, has long sleeves (more than 1 meter), is not tied with a belt, is not tucked, using the entire length of the dress

In ancient times, a kimono could be tied with a belt.

There were also male varieties of uchikake, which were not inferior to female ones in the splendor and brightness of their decor.

Such costumes were worn by courtiers or at receptions in the imperial palace until 1870.

The uchikaka often depicts a crane - a symbol of longevity.

He has two swords on his belt: one long, the other short. As a member of Japan's upper class warrior caste, only a samurai can wear these two deadly symbols of power. He is dressed in a kimono, falling in folds over wide trousers, and in a short, loose jacket.

Samurai - Japanese knight

The top of the head is shaved, the hair combed from the temples is gathered into a bun. While the samurai’s services are not needed, he has nowhere to rush, but he is not averse to serving “overtime”

National clothes of Japan

Any national costume in one way or another reflects the characteristics of the material and cultural life of the people, including the national character. This also applies to Japanese national clothing, the main components of which are:

Geta (Japanese: 下駄 ) - Japanese wooden sandals in the shape of a bench, the same for both feet (resemble rectangles on top). They are held on the feet by straps passing between the big and second toes. Currently, they are worn during leisure or in inclement weather. By European standards, this is a very uncomfortable shoe, but the Japanese have been using it for centuries, and it did not cause them any discomfort.

Story
Geta came to Japan from China and was widespread among monks and common people, because high soles made it very convenient to cultivate rice, remove fruits from trees, and move in rainy weather. And only over time did aristocrats begin to wear geta, of course, these geta were no match for the common people and were decorated in a variety of ways, in particular, women’s geta were covered with gilded brocade, decorated with various designs and bells. Men's shoes were more restrained in this regard, and here the main attention was paid to the choice of wood type, carving and varnishing applied to the surface.
Kimono (Japanese: 着物 , kimono, “clothing”; Japanese和服 , wafuku, "national clothing") - traditional clothing in Japan. Considered the Japanese "national costume" since the mid-19th century. Kimonos are also the work clothes of geishas and maikos (future geishas).
The Japanese holiday “Chi-go-san” is associated with kimono.
In modern Japanese, there are three words for Japanese traditional clothing:
1. kimono (着物 ) - outfit
2. wafuku (和服 ) - Japanese clothing
3. gofuku (呉服 ) - “Chinese” clothes
The oldest of them is the first option. By the beginning of the Westernization of Japan in the mid-19th century, it was used to designate any clothing. Back in the 16th century, Portuguese Jesuit missionaries reported in reports to Europe that the Japanese called clothing the word kimono. This name has migrated to most foreign languages, including Russian. Although in pre-modern Japan "kimono" was an analogue of the universal concept of "clothing", in Europe and America it became associated specifically with Japanese attire.
At the end of the 19th century in Japan, the number of people who began to wear Western-style clothing increased. The difference between Western and Japanese costume forced the Japanese to distinguish the latter from the general concept of “kimono”. A neologism arose to denote traditional clothing - “wafuku.” Until the end of World War II, this word became the main word for defining Japanese attire. However, in post-war times, under the influence of the American “understanding” of Japanese reality, the universal term “kimono” began to be used as one of the synonyms of “wafuku”.
Accordingly, in modern Japanese, “kimono” has two meanings. In a broad sense, it is a general term for any clothing, and in a narrow sense, it is a type of wafuku.
Archaeological finds in the Japanese archipelago support the thesis that the earliest Japanese wore simple hemp clothing at the end of the Jomon era. At the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e., under the influence of continental fashion, a Korean-Manchu type suit came to Japan.
The earliest kimonos, which appeared around the fifth century AD, were very similar to hanfu, traditional Chinese clothing. In the eighth century, Chinese fashion made the collar collar part of modern women's clothing. During the Heian era (794-1192), the kimono became highly stylized, although many still wore a mo train over it. During the Muromachi era (1392-1573), the kosode - kimono, previously considered underwear, began to be worn without hakama pants over it, so the kosode had an obi belt. During the Edo era (1603-1867), sleeves grew in length, becoming especially elongated for unmarried women. The obi became wider, and different ways of tying the belt appeared. Since that time, the shape of the kimono has remained almost unchanged.
The revolution in Japanese clothing was brought about by the Westernization reforms of the Meiji period in the second half of the 19th century. European fashion began to supplant Japanese traditional costume. This process was gradual and superficial until 1945, affecting only the leading layers of society. However, the democratization and “Americanization” of the lifestyle of ordinary Japanese led to the fact that the Japanese kimono was forced out of everyday life.
Today, Japanese traditional costume is used mainly only during holidays and formal events.
Features of kimono
In principle, they are all a straight-cut robe with wide sleeves, wrapped around the chest on the right side, for both men and women. The left side of the kimono is wrapped only on the deceased before burial. Men secure the kimono with a belt at the hips, tying a knot on the right or back. Women's belts - obi - are located at the waist and above it and are tied with a wide, lush bow at the back.
Men's kimonos, not significantly different from women's ones, are usually sewn from fabric of muted tones, with sparse ornamentation. The colors of women's kimonos can be any. It all depends on taste, mood, time of year and the occasion for which the kimono is worn.
The traditional method of washing kimonos, still used in some cases - arai-hari - is quite complicated. The kimono is completely ripped out and sewn again after washing. This method is expensive and impractical, and to a certain extent the decline in the popularity of kimonos is associated with it.
At first, the townspeople were forbidden to wear clothes made from expensive fabrics of bright colors, but, smart and resourceful, they learned to deftly circumvent these prohibitions. An inconspicuous and even shabby kimono made of simple fabric could have a luxurious brocade lining. The rich artisan wore several other, expensive and beautiful ones under a modest outer dress. At the same time, this ban gave impetus to the emergence and development of specifically Japanese aesthetics. They began to find beauty and charm in the simple and discreet.
A good kimono is very expensive. The material for it is usually woven and painted by hand. In this case, a gimp of silver and gold is used, and when dyeing, a powder of gold and silver powders is used. Only a master can sew a ceremonial kimono: it is necessary to select pieces of fabric so that the pattern organically flows from the back to the chest and sleeves and creates the impression that this is not just clothing, but something more - a complete work of art. Precious ancient examples of kimono take pride of place in museums and are carefully kept in families, passed down from generation to generation. Only very rich people, as well as actors of traditional Noh and Kabuki theaters, for whom the kimono is a stage costume, are paid a state subsidy for its purchase.
Dress kimonos are made from standard pieces of fabric, so they are all approximately the same size. A Japanese woman can wear a kimono purchased in childhood for the rest of her life and then pass it on to her daughter or granddaughter. The length is adjusted by picking up the excess under the belt, and then releasing it as the owner grows. Homemade kimonos - yukata - are sewn with approximate height taken into account. An important detail of a traditional outfit is the obi belt. It gives the kimono completeness and massiveness. As a rule, a special piece of brocade or thick silk, four meters long, is woven for the belt, with a particularly rich pattern at the front, where the belt fits tightly to the figure, and at the back, where it is tied with an intricate knot. There are several ways to tie a belt. In former times, the shape of the knot indicated the class affiliation of a Japanese woman, but now it depends only on her taste and skill.
Kimono and Japanese aesthetics
Unlike traditional European clothing, which emphasizes the structure of the human body, a kimono highlights only the shoulders and waist of the wearer, hiding the flaws of his figure. Western clothing emphasizes relief, while Japanese clothing emphasizes uniformity and flatness. This is due to the traditional Japanese idea of ​​an ideal constitution - “the fewer bulges and irregularities, the more beautiful.”
For example, in Europe, women's corsets were used to narrow the waist, and to look beautiful in a kimono, the “ideal figure” was not enough. The “ideal face” and makeup were considered an integral part of the ambiance. In the late Middle Ages, the standard of the “Japanese beauty” was established. The face should have been flat, and its oval should have been elongated. Slanted eyes with narrow and high eyebrows were considered beautiful. The mouth was supposed to be small and resemble a small red flower. Only the nose protruded relatively strongly from the low-profile face. A woman’s skin was supposed to be as white as snow, which is why Japanese women have long whitened their faces and other body parts protruding from under the kimono. This ideal of a beauty is successfully depicted in Japanese prints of the 17th-19th centuries.

Styles

A kimono can be very formal or casual. The level of formality of a woman's kimono is determined by the colors. Young girls have long sleeves, indicating that they are unmarried, and are more heavily decorated than the similar kimonos of married women. Men's kimonos have only one basic shape and are usually darker in color. The formality of a kimono is determined by the type and number of accessories, fabric, and the number of family coats of arms. The most formal kimono has five coats of arms. Silk is most preferred, while cotton and polyester kimonos are considered more casual.
Many modern Japanese women have lost the skill of putting on a kimono themselves: a traditional kimono contains twelve or more separate parts, so they often turn to specialists in this field. It should be noted that geisha, who can hardly be blamed for not paying attention to traditions, also dress with the help of such professionals. Dressers are usually called into homes only for special occasions, which is why they work in hairdressing salons.
Choosing the right kimono is difficult due to the need to consider the symbolism of traditional costume and social messages such as age, marital status and the level of formality of the event.

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Slide captions:

National clothing of Japan Any national costume in one way or another reflects the characteristics of the material and cultural life of the people, including the national character.

Geta (Japanese: 下駄) are Japanese wooden sandals in the shape of a bench, the same for both feet (resembling rectangles on top). They are held on the feet by straps passing between the big and second toes. Currently, they are worn during leisure or in inclement weather. By European standards, this is a very uncomfortable shoe, but the Japanese have been using it for centuries, and it did not cause them any discomfort. Structure Externally, geta look like this: a wooden platform rests on two transverse blocks, which, depending on need, can be quite high. All this is attached to the foot by means of two laces stretched from the heel to the front of the geta and passing between the big and second toes.

The story of Geta came to Japan from China and was widespread among monks and common people, because high soles made it very convenient to cultivate rice, pick fruits from trees, and move in rainy weather. And only over time did aristocrats begin to wear geta, of course, these geta were no match for the common people and were decorated in a variety of ways, in particular, women’s geta were covered with gilded brocade, decorated with various designs and bells. Men's shoes were more restrained in this regard, and here the main attention was paid to the choice of wood type, carving and varnishing applied to the surface.

Kimono (Japanese: 着物) is traditional clothing in Japan. Considered the Japanese "national costume" since the mid-19th century. Also, kimono is the work clothes of geisha and maiko (future geisha).

Features of a kimono: they are a straight-cut robe with wide sleeves, wrapped on the chest on the right side, for both men and women. The left side of the kimono is wrapped only on the deceased before burial. Men secure the kimono with a belt at the hips, tying a knot on the right or back. Women's belts - obi - are located at the waist and above it and are tied with a wide, lush bow at the back.

Hakama (Japanese 袴) - originally in Japan - a piece of cloth wrapped around the hips, later long pleated pants, similar to a skirt or bloomers, traditionally worn by men in informal settings, as a uniform in some martial arts. Hakama is often worn by women at graduation ceremonies. The level of formality of the hakama depends on the fabric and color.

Yukata (Japanese: 浴衣) - summer casual cotton, linen or hemp kimono without lining - traditional Japanese clothing. Currently, yukata is worn mainly during leisure, worn both at home and on the street. Dressy, colorful yukata are often worn at festivals by people of all ages. Yukata can also often be seen at onsen (hot springs). Yukata is included in the standard bedding provided to guests in Japanese hotels.

Ritual kimonos:

Putting on and wearing a kimono requires special knowledge and skills, which are regulated by certain rules. Posture and posture are of great importance and should be natural. Your back should be kept straight, your chin slightly extended, and your shoulders relaxed. It is necessary to avoid sudden and sweeping movements, since in this case the arms above the hands and legs may be visible, and even a fleeting glimpse of the legs between the open floors is considered bad form.

Wedding kimono

Nowadays, few Japanese wear national clothes in everyday life, but the tradition of wearing a kimono on special holidays, such as the New Year, and festivals has still not disappeared.

Men's kimonos are much simpler; they usually consist of five parts (not including shoes). For men's kimonos, the sleeves are woven (sewn) into the side seam so that no more than ten centimeters of the sleeve remain free. The main difference between women's and men's kimonos is the color of the fabric. Typical colors are black, dark blue, green and brown. The fabrics are usually matte. Whether printed or plain, light colors are used in more casual kimonos. Sumo wrestlers often wear fuchsia (burgundy-purple) kimonos. The most formal are black kimonos with five coats of arms on the shoulders, chest and back. A slightly less formal kimono with three coats of arms, a white under kimono is often worn underneath it. Almost any kimono can be made more formal by pairing it with hakama and haori